Factales

It is well known that Ancient Indians were well-versed with Mathematics, Astronomy, Physics  and many more.

Well known Pythagoras of Samos (5th Century BCE) was an Ionian Greek philosopher, mathematician, and has been credited as the founder of the movement called Pythagoreanism. 

Baudhayana Sulba Sutra, composed by Baudhayana (8th century BCE), contains examples of simple Pythagorean triples, such as: (3, 4, 5), (5, 12, 13), (8, 15, 17), (7, 24, 25), and (12, 35, 37). 

It is also referred to as Baudhayana theorem. The most notable of the rules in the Baudhāyana Sulba Sūtra says:

दीर्घचतुरश्रस्याक्ष्णया रज्जु: पार्श्र्वमानी तिर्यग् मानी च यत् पृथग् भूते कुरूतस्तदुभयं करोति ॥

dīrghachatursrasyākṣaṇayā rajjuḥ pārśvamānī, tiryagmānī,

cha yatpṛthagbhūte kurutastadubhayāṅ karoti.

Baudhayana Sulba Sutra also describes a statement of the Pythagorean theorem for the sides of a square: "The rope which is stretched across the diagonal of a square produces an area double the size of the original square."

It also contains the general statement of the Pythagorean theorem (for the sides of a rectangle): "The rope stretched along the length of the diagonal of a rectangle makes an area which the vertical and horizontal sides make together."

Also, Baudhayana gives a formula for the square root of two.